Zusammenfassung
Die respiratorische Insuffizienz beschreibt die Unfähigkeit des Körpers, einen adäquaten
Gasaustausch aufrechtzuerhalten. Sie stellt – insbesondere, wenn sie akut auftritt
– einen lebensbedrohlichen Zustand dar, der umgehend therapiert werden muss. Dieser
Artikel zeigt, welche Diagnostik erforderlich ist, um den Patienten schnell und korrekt
behandeln zu können, und welche Therapieverfahren zur Verfügung stehen.
Abstract
The term “respiratory insufficiency” (RI) describes the inability of an organism to
maintain the gas exchange between the ambient air and its peripheral organs. This
causes a hypoxia and hypercapnia. The mechanisms that lead to RI are either an impaired
gas exchange in the lung tissue or an alveolar hypoventilation caused by an insufficient
ventilatory pump. Thus the RI is divided into a hypoxic or a hypercapnic RI. The diagnostic
procedure for RI contains several examinations. One key aspect of the exploration
is the identification of potential reversible and thus correctable reasons of the
RI. The goal of the therapy is to maintain the oxygen supply for the peripheral organs
and the elimination of CO2. It covers supportive and causal therapeutic interventions. Wherever possible, therapy
should resolve the cause of the RI. The non-invasive ventilation (NIV) is the therapy
of choice in severe cases of a hypercapnic RI. It relieves the exhausted respiratory
muscles and improves respiratory situation. It can be used for hypoxic RI as well,
but frequently invasive ventilation is required. If NIV is not able to improve the
patientʼs condition, invasive ventilation (IV) is applied.
Schlüsselwörter
respiratorische Insuffizienz - mechanische Beatmung - nichtinvasive Beatmung
Key words
respiratory insufficiency - mechanical ventilation - non-invasive ventilation
